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--- es:orx:tutorials:viewport [2012/03/01 14:48 (14 years ago)] – [Detalles] zera
+++ es:orx:tutorials:viewport [2020/08/20 04:13 (5 years ago)] (current) – Old content sausage
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-====== Tutorial de Vista y Cámara ======
-===== Sumario =====
-Ver previamente [[main#Basic|tutoriales básicos]] para más información sobre [[object|creación básica de objetos]], [[clock|manejando el reloj]], [[frame| jerarquía de fotogramas]] y [[anim|animaciones]].
-Este tutorial muestra como usar múltiples vistas con múltiples cámaras.\\
-Cuatro vistas son creadas aquí.
-La esquina superior izquierda con una vista(''Viewport1'') y la esquina inferior derecha con una vista(''Viewport4'') comparten la misma cámara.\\
-Para archivar esto, necesitamos usar el mismo nombre en el fichero de configuración para la cámara.
-Además, cuando manipulando esta cámara usando los  botones izquierdo y derecho del ratón para hacerla girar,
-las flechas para moverla y dejar presionado control y shift izquierdos para ampliarla, las dos ventanas asociadas con esta cámara se verán afectadas.
-La vista(''Viewport2'') superior derecha está basada en otra cámara (''Camera2'') que [[wp> Viewing_frustum | truncada]](EN) es más estrecha que la primera, resultando en una pantalla el doble de grande. No puedes afectar la vista en tiempo de ejecución en este tutorial.
-La última vista (''Viewport3'') esta basada en otra cámara(''Camera3'') quien tiene la misma configuración que la primera.
-Esta vista mostrará lo que originalmente tenga en ''Viewport1'' & ''Viewport4'' antes de modificar su cámara.\\
-Tu puedes también interactuar directamente con las propiedades de la primera vista, usando las teclas WASD para moverla y Q & E para redimensionarla.
-//PD: Cuando dos vistas se superponen, la antigua (ej. una creada primero que la otra)se mostrará encima.//
-Por último, tenemos una caja que no se mueve del todo, y un pequeño soldado cuya posición en el mundo será determinado por la  actual posición del ratón en la pantalla.\\
-En otras palabras, no importa en cual vista esté tu ratón, y no importa cómo la cámara para esta vista se fija,
-el soldado siempre tiene sus pies en la misma posición que el puntero del ratón en la pantalla (siempre y cuando sea en una vista).
-Vistas y objectos son creados con tamaños y colores aleatorios usando el carácter '~' en el fichero de configuración.
-//PD: Las cámaras almacenan su posicion/zoom/rotación en una estructura orxFRAME, permitiendo esto ser parte de la jerarquía orxFRAME vista en el [[frame|tutorial de fotogramas]].\\
-Como resultado, el objeto de auto-seguimiento se puede lograr mediante el ajuste del objeto como padre de la cámara.\\
-En la otra mano, teniendo una cámara como padre de un objeto se asegurará de que el objeto se mostrará siempre en el mismo lugar en la correspondiente ventana((muy útil para hacer HUD & UI, por ejemplo)) .//
-===== Detalles =====
-As usual, we begin by loading our config file, getting the main clock and registering our ''Update'' function to it and, lastly, by creating our main object.\\
-Please refer to the [[main#Basic|previous tutorials]] for more details.
-However we create four viewports this time. Nothing really new, so we only need to write this code.
-<code c>pstViewport = orxViewport_CreateFromConfig("Viewport1");
-orxViewport_CreateFromConfig("Viewport2");
-orxViewport_CreateFromConfig("Viewport3");
-orxViewport_CreateFromConfig("Viewport4");</code>
-As you can see we only keep a reference to one created viewport. We do so as we want to interact with it later on, but we won't touch the three other ones.
-Let's jump directly to our ''Update'' code.\\
-First we snap our soldier guy under the mouse position. We've already seen such a thing in the [[frame|frame tutorial]].\\
-Here we do the exact same thing and we see that it works perfectly with multiple viewports.\\
-When the mouse is not over a viewport, ''orxNULL'' is returned instead of a pointer to the world coordinate values.
-<code c>orxVECTOR vPos;
-if(orxRender_GetWorldPosition(orxMouse_GetPosition(&vPos), &vPos) != orxNULL)
-{
-  orxVECTOR vSoldierPos;
-  orxObject_GetWorldPosition(pstSoldier, &vSoldierPos);
-  vPos.fZ = vSoldierPos.fZ;
-  orxObject_SetPosition(pstSoldier, &vPos);
-}</code>
-Before interacting directly with a viewport, let's play a bit with its associated camera.\\
-We could, for example, move it, rotate it or zoom.
-Let's begin by getting our first viewport camera.
-<code c>pstCamera = orxViewport_GetCamera(pstViewport);</code>
-Ok, that was easy. Let's try to rotate it ((only part of the code will be shown as for other directions, the logic remains)).
-<code c>if(orxInput_IsActive("CameraRotateLeft"))
-{
-  orxCamera_SetRotation(pstCamera, orxCamera_GetRotation(pstCamera) + orx2F(-4.0f) * _pstClockInfo->fDT);
-}</code>
-Again, we see that our rotation won't be affected by the FPS and can be time-stretched as we use the clock's DT.\\
-We could still have used the config system to get the rotation speed instead of hardcoding it! =)
-Let's zoom, now.
-<code c>if(orxInput_IsActive("CameraZoomIn"))
-{
-  orxCamera_SetZoom(pstCamera, orxCamera_GetZoom(pstCamera) * orx2F(1.02f));
-}</code>
-As this code doesn't use any clock info, it'll get affected by the clock's frequency and by the framerate.
-Lastly, let's move our camera.
-<code c>orxCamera_GetPosition(pstCamera, &vPos);
-if(orxInput_IsActive("CameraRight"))
-{
-  vPos.fX += orx2F(500) * _pstClockInfo->fDT;
-}
-orxCamera_SetPosition(pstCamera, &vPos);</code>
-We're now done playing with the camera.\\
-As we'll see a bit later in this tutorial, this same camera is linked to two different viewports.\\
-They'll thus both be affected when we play with it.
-As for viewport direct interactions, we can alter it's size of position, for example.\\
-We can do it like this, for example.
-<code c>orxFLOAT fWidth, fHeight, fX, fY;
-orxViewport_GetRelativeSize(pstViewport, &fWidth, &fHeight);
-if(orxInput_IsActive("ViewportScaleUp"))
-{
-  fWidth *= orx2F(1.02f);
-  fHeight*= orx2F(1.02f);
-}
-orxViewport_SetRelativeSize(pstViewport, fWidth, fHeight);
-orxViewport_GetPosition(pstViewport, &fX, &fY);
-if(orxInput_IsActive("ViewportRight"))
-{
-  fX += orx2F(500) * _pstClockInfo->fDT;
-}
-orxViewport_SetPosition(pstViewport, fX, fY);</code>
-Nothing really surprising as you can see.
-Let's now have a look to the data side of our viewports.
-<code ini>[Viewport1]
-Camera            = Camera1
-RelativeSize      = (0.5, 0.5, 0.0)
-RelativePosition  = top left
-BackgroundColor   = (0, 100, 0) ~ (0, 255, 0)
-[Viewport2]
-Camera            = Camera2
-RelativeSize      = @Viewport1
-RelativePosition  = top right
-BackgroundColor   = (100, 0, 0) ~ (255, 0, 0)
-[Viewport3]
-Camera            = Camera3
-RelativeSize      = @Viewport1
-RelativePosition  = bottom left
-BackgroundColor   = (0, 0, 100) ~ (0, 0, 255)
-[Viewport4]
-Camera            = @Viewport1
-RelativeSize      = @Viewport1
-RelativePosition  = bottom right
-BackgroundColor   = (255, 255, 0)#(0, 255, 255)#(255, 0, 255)</code>
-As we can see, nothing really surprising here either.\\
-We have three cameras for 4 viewports as we're using ''Camera1'' for both ''Viewport1'' and '' Viewport4''.\\
-We can also notice that all our viewports begins with a relative size of ''(0.5, 0.5, 0.0)''.
-This means each viewport will use half the display size vertically and horizontally (the Z coordinate is ignored).\\
-In other words, each viewport covers exactly a quart of our display, whichever sizes we have chosen for it, fullscreen or not.\\
-As you may have noticed, we only gave an explicit value for the ''RelativeSize'' for our ''Viewport1''.\\
-All the other viewports inherits from the ''Viewport1'' ''RelativeSize'' as we wrote ''@Viewport1''.\\
-That means that this value will be the same than the one from ''Viewport1'' with the same key (''RelativeSize'').\\
-We did it exactly the same way for ''Viewport4'''s ''Camera'' by using ''@Viewport1''.
-We then need to place them on screen to prevent them to be all displayed on top of each other.\\
-To do so, we use the property ''RelativePosition'' that can take either a literal value ((composed of keywords ''top'', ''bottom'', ''center'', ''right'' and ''left'')) or a vector in the same way we did for its ''RelativeSize''.
-Lastly, the first three viewports use different shades for their ''BackgroundColor''.\\
-For example,
-<code ini>BackgroundColor = (200, 0, 0) ~ (255, 0, 0)</code>
-means the this viewport will use a random ((the '~' character is used as a random operator between two numeric values)) shade of red.
-If we want to color more presicely the ''BackgroundColor'' but still keep a random, we can use a list as in
-<code ini>BackgroundColor = (255, 255, 0)#(0, 255, 255)#(255, 0, 255)</code>
-This gives three possibilities for our random color: yellow, cyan and magenta.
-Finally, let's have a look to our cameras.
-<code ini>[Camera1]
-FrustumWidth  = @Display.ScreenWidth
-FrustumHeight = @Display.ScreenHeight
-FrustumFar    = 1.0
-FrustumNear   = 0.0
-Position      = (0.0, 0.0, -1.0)
-[Camera2]
-FrustumWidth  = 400.0
-FrustumHeight = 300.0
-FrustumFar    = 1.0
-FrustumNear   = 0.0
-Position      = (0.0, 0.0, -1.0)
-[Camera3@Camera1]</code>
-We basically define their [[wp>Viewing_frustum|frustum]] (ie. the part of world space that will be //seen// by the camera and rendered on the viewport).\\
-//NB: As we're using ''2D'' cameras, the frustum shape is [[wp>Cuboid#Rectangular_cuboid|rectangular cuboid]].//
-Note that the ''Camera3'' inherits from ''Camera1'' but don't override any property: they have the exact same property.\\
-//NB: When inheritance is used for a whole section, it's written this way: [MySection@ParentSection].//\\
-Why using two different cameras then? Only so as to have two physical entities: when we alter properties of ''Camera1'' in our code, the ''Camera3'' will remain unchanged.\\
-We can also notice that ''Camera1'''s ''FrustumWidth'' and ''FrustumHeight'' inherits from the ''Display'''s screen settings.\\
-//NB: When inheritance is used for a value, it's written like this ''MyKey = @ParentSection.ParentKey''.\\
-The parent's key can be omitted if it's the same as our key: ''SameKey = @ParentSection''.//
-Lastly we notice that our ''Camera2'' has a smaller frustum.\\
-This means ''Camera2'' will see a smaller portion of the world space. Therefore the corresponding viewport display will look like it's zoomed! =)
-===== Recursos =====

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